When Children Have Depression After Death of a Parent

When Children Have Depression After Death of a Parent Depression Childhood Depression Print When Children Experience Depression After Death of a Parent Distinguish sadness from depression with these tips By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids mrs / Getty Images While there is no way to predict how your child will react to the death of a parent, or how this loss will affect them, some circumstances may increase the likelihood that a child will experience depression after a parent dies.  Surviving parents and family members can take steps to ensure that your child receives the support or treatment they need to heal. Helping Yourself Helps Your Child The way that you and other caregivers react to death will affect how your child reacts. As a parent or caregiver, you will need to address your own grief through outside support or counseling for the benefit of the whole family. Getting the support you need will show your child that healing is important. Parents and caregivers who express and discuss their feelings are likely to have children who do the same, whereas families who hide their emotions may be teaching a child to be ashamed of their feelings. Keeping feelings inside is a common behavior among people with depression. Tell Important People in Your Childs Life Collaborative healing efforts will provide your child with the extra support and love they need during this difficult time. Your childs pediatrician, teachers, and friends parents need to know about the parents death. Reaching out to those who have daily contact with your child will increase the available support. Make an appointment with your childs pediatrician to discuss how your child is coping. Supporting Your Child Grief is a normal process and typically does not require medication or therapy. However, you may initially need to spend more time with your child and assure them that you will not leave. Talking with your child on an age-appropriate level and encouraging questions provides a supportive environment. Here are some more suggestions for supporting your preschool and school-age children through the grieving process: Answer any questions they have honestly, but try to keep your answers simple and brief. Its also OK to say that you dont know or that you dont have the answer right now.Avoid using euphemisms for death, such as resting or sleeping forever, as this can be confusing for a child. Instead, explain that when someone dies, their body stops working. They can no longer breathe, talk, move, eat, etc.Reinforce the fact that death is part of lifeâ€"not a form of punishment.Share any religious or spiritual believes your family has about death and dying.Make sure the child understands that it is not their fault and they are not to blame.Help them understand that their parent is not going to “come back,” even if they are good.Be careful about associating death with sickness as this can cause them to become fearful about their own illnesses.Use books and online resources to help them understand death.Encourage them to express their emotions and feelings by writing or drawing a picture.Explain w hat to expect at the memorial services and allow your child to decide if they want to attend. If your child decides to attend, ask a trusted friend or family member to be available in case they cant handle it and want to leave early.Allow older children and teens to play a role in planning the memorial if they want; this can include gathering pictures to display or picking a favorite poem or reading for the memorial service.Encourage your child to spend time with friends and participate in hobbies and social activities; remind them that having fun is OK and it doesnt mean you dont miss or love your deceased parent.Let them know that it will take time to feel better and that its normal to experience a range of emotions, including sadness, anger, guilt, shame, and anxiety. Teens, in particular, may deal with sadness with displays of anger or risky behavior (such as unprotected sex or substance use).Remind children how much the deceased parent loved them and do your best to talk about them, show them pictures, and share memories. Factors That May Contribute to Depression While a loss of a parent or caregiver is traumatic for any child, the likelihood of this turning into depression depends on four factors, according to a report in the Journal of American Psychiatry. Researchers found that children whose parents died by suicide or an accident were at higher risk for depression than children whose parents died after developing a sudden and natural illness.?? Additionally, they found that children in the following situations were more likely to experience depression within two years of the loss when compared to their peers: Past mental health illness, like depressionFeelings of accountability for the parents deathLost a mother While these findings suggest that certain circumstances surrounding a parents death may increase the likelihood of depression in some children, it is important to understand that not all children in these circumstances will become depressed as a result. When Its More Than Sadness It is normal for a child to feel sad or scared when a parent dies. But if their sadness or fear continues for an extended period of time, worsens or significantly interferes with their normal functioning, its important to consult your childs physician for evaluation. Seek immediate attention if your child has thoughts  of suicide or self-harm. Early identification and treatment of depression in children are important, as there is potential for short- and long-term consequences such as low self-esteem, substance use, and suicidal thoughts and behavior. How Do You Know If Its Grief or Depression? Recognizing Depression Children who are depressed may feel hopeless, guilty, angry, or misunderstood. Here are a few more signs to watch for: Changes in sleeping habits and appetiteWithdrawal from family, friends, and hobbies that they used to enjoyA significant drop in school performanceAvoidance of school or social activitiesVague, unexplained physical complaints, like a headache or bellyacheDifficulty concentrating and making decisions You cannot prevent your childs loss, but you can support them through this difficult time by allowing them to grieve and by creating a safe and loving environment. Part of that support is recognizing when your child has become depressed and seeking treatment to help them heal. What Parents Should Know About Childhood Depression

The Modification Of The Earth By Human Action - 760 Words

Land-use patterns have changed over millennia, but the most dramatic transformations have taken place over the last 300 years. The modification of the earth by human action mainly involved impacts on the soils and biotic resources central to the agricultural base. Land transformation did not abate, but rather accelerated and diversified with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the globalisation of the world economy, and the expansion of population and technological capacity. From 1700 to 1980, globally about 1.2 billion ha forest were converted to arable land. Large regional variations exist in the relationship between population growth and expansion of arable land due to the specific of Asian, European, and new continental system of agriculture and their respective paths of agricultural productivity increases. Meanwhile, land-use change become quite different process in the second industrial revolution. A competition between agricultural and non-agricultural land use emerged at the industrial level of technology. Land gradually became less important as a resource for food production and forestry, and increasingly used for other purposes, such as industrial production, housing, infrastructure, or recreation. The worldwide crop area, for instance, remained almost unchanged in size since the early 1950s, despite a doubling of the world population and food production. Today, rapidly growing urban agglomerates, expanding infrastructures, industrial areas, and sites ofShow MoreRelated Biodiversity and Land Quality Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesBiodiversity and Land Quality Human societys progression through time has resulted in many environment-altering effects, particularly those brought about by industrialization and rapid population growth. The combination of increased numbers of humans and improved technology has created the need for better management of resources and transportation across the globe. This need has produced great leaps in infrastructure, such as roads and dams. However, the introduction of this infrastructure intoRead MoreShould We Stop The Use Of Gmos?1403 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems are something we as humans need to stop at all cost, however these problems are not directly related to GMOs. These problems of rampant herbicide use, monopolies, and monoculture have nothing to do with the process that is genetic modification. These problems result from how we use this genetic engineering, not necessarily the actual process of genetic engineering. Surprisingly, these problems are some of the most often used points by opponents of g enetic modification and what pushes scientistsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pagesdoor because they free society from its accountability factors in life. God does give humans the ability to act on their own free will concerning choices in life especially when facing challenges over responsibility verses morality. The difficult things in life make certain aspects so overwhelmingly easy to blame our Maker instead of accepting the predisposed circumstances He has already prearranged for us as humans. As Christians debating over such issues as genetic alterations people need to takeRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. 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Even Andy Serkis’s facial structure and expressions were recorded so that â€Å"the computer generated muscles couldRead MoreThe Debate Between The And Minority And Majority, And The Environment1481 Words   |  6 PagesHumans shall never deem they are the saviours of the Earth because everything we are doing today was to fix everything humans caused before. In the previous two ESS lectures, the topics were about the sustainable ways of daily life and the new technology- GMOs- currently for the poor. And in the three lectures this time, the topics are mainly about the conflict between minority and majority, and the problems left in the history: if GMOs can help the poor, the system to protect the ocean conditionRead MoreClimate Change Is A Hot862 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation can be and is interpreted in a number of ways depending on which side of the issue you stand. 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The use of â€Å"Geology of mankind,† by Paul Crutzen, Wild Ones by Jon Mooallem, â€Å"The Anthropogenic: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces ofRead MoreThe Biggest Environmental Issues Will Be Discussed1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe accommodations that it would demand will eventually cause the lives of all living creatures on earth. Genetic engineering may seem like a good idea on the surface conversely, its disadvantages are more than the advantages. In the end, if humans do not take action in order to change all the previously mentioned issues the inevitable outcome will be death for all living creatures on earth. Earth has been in existence for an approximation of about 4.5 billion years. Overtime it has evolved to becomeRead MoreGene Technology Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding the expression of genes, taking advantage of natural genetic variation, modifying genes and transferring genes to new hosts. 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Influence Processes a Leadership Analysis Essays - 1007 Words

William Scott Influence Processes: A Leadership Analysis Leadership Ethics for Managers June 1, 2008 Abstract A leader’s ability to influence and motivate followers is a crucial skill that effective leaders must possess. This is why organizations allow leaders to control many of the operational functions of the organization. By controlling several key operational components, the leader is able to direct and institute change throughout the organization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze leader influence models and present the practical implications of their use. Influence Processes: A Leadership Analysis Introduction In order to be an effective leader, a leader must be able to influence followers to comply and†¦show more content†¦By having control over the organizations reward system, the leader can mold the organization into one that conforms and promotes their organizational vision. 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I aspire to be a great leader in my future and I have been working toward this goal everRead MoreLeadership Influences Organizational Culture And Employee C ommitment1502 Words   |  7 Pagesto understanding the mechanisms and processes through which leadership influences organizational culture and employee commitment, in order to develop a more complete understanding of the inner workings of leadership† (Bass, as cited by Aolio et al 2004 p.952) . Ellemers, Gilder, and Haslam (2004) agree that â€Å"additional understanding of work motivation can be gained by incorporating insights into social identity processes† (p. 459). 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Fantastik All-Purpose Cleaners Free Essays

Case: fantastik All-Purpose Cleaners Key Decision: Develop a brand strategy to increase fantastik’s sales and maintain its leadership position in the increasingly competitive all-purpose cleaner market. Problem/Opportunity: fantastik has limited financial resources to promote and develop its brand. Also, other heavy price discounting and new higher-priced cleaning products have threatened fantastik’s market leading position. We will write a custom essay sample on Fantastik All-Purpose Cleaners or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, fantastik needs to lower its retail price or innovate product categories to attract and maintain customers. Stakeholders: Johnson family benefit from the profits earned and success of the business. Customers need the strong cleaning function provided by the cleaners. Employees need a stable and safe working environment and expected salaries. Analysis: Internal: fantastik has leading brand equity in industry and strong social responsibility that commit to communities and the environment, thus customers who pursue green lifestyle could be loyal to fantastic. Moreover, fantastik’s retail price $3. 9 is relatively high compared with its competitors, thus it may lose customers who are price sensitive. External: Consumers are moving towards environmentally friendly products, it gives fantastik a good opportunity and competitive advantage to compete with other competitors. Consumer Analysis: The target market is women aged from 25 to 49 who are responsible for the cleanness at home and has upper household income. They are concerned about quality of life, thus they prefer to purchase produc t with high quality. Competitive Analysis: The competitors are other all-purpose cleaners such as Lysol, Easy Off Bam, Mr. Clean, Vim, Hertel and private label. Those competitors offer lower retail price than fantastik and have strong cleaning function. Especially, private label products have the advantage of high margin for retailer and good shelf space. Alternative Marketing Strategies: Decision criteria: 1. Maintain competitive market share 2. Commit to environment 3. Allocate limited financial recourses successfully Alternatives: 1. Develop new form of product and consistent with environmental responsibility. 2. Reduce retail price to remain competitive in the market. 3. Develop new scent of fantastik. It will cost too much to do market research and test and it’s easy to be copied by competitors. Recommendation: Decision: fantastik should develop new form of product and be consistent with environmental responsibility to attract more customers and improve household penetration, thus it can extend its product life cycle. Implementation Plan: Marketing Strategy: Target women aged from 25 to 49 who are responsible to do the cleanness of home and position high quality and functional benefit of product. Marketing Mix: Produce higher quality and new function product and commit to environment responsibility to earn brand equity from customers, and use higher retail price to indicate its high quality and make profit through high margin in the beginning. Moreover, company should use personal selling, product show and shelf advertising as promotion strategy. Finally, company can choose convenience stores nearby community as distribution centres in addition to major grocery, drug and mass merchandisers. Expected Results: fantastik can increase its dollar share by 4% in 2007 and keep its market leading position through implementing the marketing strategy. How to cite Fantastik All-Purpose Cleaners, Papers

Venezuela and Its Membership in MERCOSUR Benefits and Drawbacks

Introduction Business is a very critical venture that should be carried out carefully with many considerations being put into place. It however becomes a challenge when the business has to be conducted internationally as opposed to within the nation. This is because there exist added responsibilities in managing the trade or business ventures in foreign countries although it is also advantageous as it expands the particular business’s opportunities, for instance, in terms of the market share.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Venezuela and Its Membership in MERCOSUR: Benefits and Drawbacks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The engagement in international business requires some strategies that enhances success one of it being in some form of unions or trade blocs. This paper discusses Venezuela and its membership in MERCOSUR with much emphasis being given to the benefits and drawbacks that could be dr awn from the membership by a particular business (Movie production business which is the business of choice) and the country as a whole. A Plan for the Business, To Be Implemented As Venezuela Becomes Part of MERCOSUR Mercosur is the leading trading bloc in the entire South America. It is a body that aims at making trade easy and affordable through the reduction of obstacles that may hinder the smooth running of the business activities within nations and most importantly across the borders. The obstacles could take various forms for instance high rates of tariffs, inequalities in terms of income distribution within a nation and also among the nations indulging in the business ventures and technological inadequacies that limit ease of movement of products and services from one place to the other among others. Mercosur is a trade bloc whose main purpose is to promote free trade among the member states and enhancing economic integration in the entire South American region. The member s tates include Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Venezuela. The associate states on the other hand include Peru, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia (Klonsky and Hanson, 2009). Having a business in the entertainment industry in Venezuela, the movie production business, I am pleased by the fact that my country is a member associate of Mercosur as this increases the opportunities that enhance the growth and development of my business. This is because it will now be possible to get a large market of the produced movies in various countries especially the member countries with few or no restrictions. The aspect of Venezuela being a member of Mercosur means that the business will be able to engage in regional and international business ventures and although this is an advantage there are some considerations that need to be reflected on.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re They include identification of the economic, cultural, and political backgrounds of the nations with whom to partner with. The use of language is for example very important as apart from easing communication, it will affect the products produced like in my movie production business. It will for example necessitate some translations where the target market is not well versed with the original language. Establishment of trust with the other nations is also essential through provision of quality products in a convenient and timely manner. The different cultural aspects in the different countries involved are also an issue of concern as it helps in dealing with the people. It will also help to tailor the movies in a manner that will not offend the people in any way so as to not only establish a market but also to retain it. Other consideration in regard to regional and international business that will arise as a result of Mercosur membership include, market and opportunities identi fication, methods of entry, distribution channels to be adopted, competition and competitive advantage, standardization and adaptation among others (Rose, 2009). Benefits and Drawbacks for the Country of Venezuela As A Result Of Their Membership in MERCOSUR Every aspect is usually linked with some benefits and drawbacks and the Venezuela’s membership in Mercosur is not an exception. The country will enjoy some benefits and at the same time suffer some drawbacks as a result of this development. Some of the benefits include; the bringing forward of total liberalization for a majority of its products in the trading process with other members of the Mercosur, for instance, Argentina. There has also been increased trade for instance through exports and imports and increase in the market opportunities. Mercosur also fosters cooperation among its members, which is a way that ensures that the strengths of a country is reinforced while the limitations are dealt with in a positive mann er and hence improving its economic status greatly. The cooperation allows for signing of agreements concerning various sectors of the economy which enhances the chances of survival of the nations as opposed to when a nation would stand alone. There is an increase in foreign direct investment which boosts the economy of the nations involved due to expansion of markets which in return reduces the cost of local products (Anonymous, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Venezuela and Its Membership in MERCOSUR: Benefits and Drawbacks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the drawbacks that Venezuela is likely to face as a result of being a member of the Mercosur include stiff and unfair competition that exist among the member countries as each strives to be better than the other irrespective of the consequences. Unfair competition is linked with aspects like failure of industries, unemployment, and dis appointment among the citizens among other negative aspects. Although Mercosur offers cooperation advantage, it tends to exacerbate the regional differences rather than solve it and this becomes more severe where smaller countries are involved hence Venezuela may suffer from this especially as it tries to establish the market. Trade blocs are also known to be major distraction of a county’s economic welfare, for example, by eliminating other nations that are not involved in the trade blocks which could have boosted the trade (Bassi, 2006). Benefits and Drawbacks for the Movie Production Business As A Result Of Their Membership in MERCOSUR The benefits and drawbacks of this particular business in Venezuela will be closely linked with and drawn from the benefits and drawbacks that are faced by the country as a whole. Some of the specific benefits include elimination in transaction cost hence increasing the profit margin, maximum market opportunities hence enhancing growth, deve lopment and productivity as opposed to when the market would be concentrated only within the nation among others. The cost of producing the movies is also reduced as the economies of scale allows for bulk production. The business is also deemed to enhance its efficiency due to the competition presented by the fact that producers in various countries are close together. Some of the drawbacks will therefore be those related to unfair competition and specialization as explained earlier (Coord et al., 2007). Conclusion Various trade blocs have been formed among countries in an effort to enhance trade among the countries hence increase profitability. It is however an aspect that is controversial as many countries just expect positive impacts but end up facing a lot of challenges since the trade blocs are usually presented to be very significant on the face not explicitly showing the drawbacks. This leads to negative impression. Reference List Anonymous. (1999). What Are the Benefits of T rade Bloc Agreements? Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bassi, R. (2006). Venezuela in Mercosur: A New Mercosur? Web. Coord, R.C., Coord, U.N, Bid Intal and Ricardo, M.(2007). MERCOSUR Report number 11: 2005 [second semester] – 2006 [first semester] (Subregional Integration Report Series MERCOSUR = Informes Subregionales de Integracià ³n MERCOSUR = Sà ©rie Informes Subregionais de Integraà §Ãƒ £o MERCOSUL; n. 11). Argentina: Bid-intal. Klonsky, J and Hanson, S. (2009). Mercosur: South America’s Fractious Trade Bloc. Web. Rose, P. (2009). Considerations of International Trade. Web. This research paper on Venezuela and Its Membership in MERCOSUR: Benefits and Drawbacks was written and submitted by user Maliyah Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Theory and Practice of Personal Selling

Theory and Practice of Personal Selling When looking for luxury in Vegas, it does not get better than the Bellagio. With a check in time of 3.00 pm and a checkout time of 12.00 noon, clients are allowed to maximize on the time spent in their rooms. The city of Las Vegas is recognized worldwide for its beaches and casinos; hence there is guaranteed human traffic all year round.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory and Practice of Personal Selling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With most Americans practicing domestic tourism, over reliance on foreign tourists is minimized considerably. This guarantees steady cash flow throughout the year (Bellagio, 2010). Property Strengths The hotel guarantees clients a room regardless of check in time, as long evidence of initial booking is adduced. In case of room unavailability, the management incurs the costs of providing alternative accommodation and transport until a room is available. Delayed arrivals and departu res can be resolved by booking an extra night. This allows unlimited access irrespective of the circumstance. The hotel allows for free cancellation reservations upon receipt of notification 48 to 72 hours in advance. Failure to notify early will see the hotel bill for a night only before the subscription is terminated. A variety of credit cards is accepted provided they are genuine and valid. Competition Other attractions within the premise include dancing fountains, organic gardens, conservatories, pools and many more. It should be noted that the hotel faces competition other similar enterprises, like the Four Seasons Hotel, Mandarin Oriental, Panorama Tower North, Jet Luxury Resorts among many more. The Bellagio is a member of the Five Star Alliance of hotels (Expedia, 2010). Interested Buyer Recently, Trump International has shown interest in our property, asking Mr. Ross, one of their executive vice presidents to make enquiries. Below is an excerpt of the conversation (trump, 2 010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Me: Good morning, this is the Bellagio, how may I help you? Mr. Ross: Good morning, I am Mr. Ross from Trump international, and I would lie to enquire about a property, you may have on the market. Me: Which one in particular, Sir? Mr. Ross: The Bellagio Me: It is a fine piece, excellent artwork, healthy financial position and positive prospects for the future. I must admit you have picked on the right one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory and Practice of Personal Selling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mr. Ross: Yes and I hope we will go through with the project for our mutual benefit. Me: Concerning that, I ask that you give us some time to finalize on the specifics of the deal before the management presents a final submission to the markets. Mr. Ross: can you let me in on some what we should expect? Me: I am sorry sir, but we maintain a strict confidence policy for all our transactions. Please be patient. Mr. Ross: Okay sir, but do not make it lengthy. I am grateful. Have a good day.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Me: Good day too Mr. Ross. NEGOTIATION STEP Price Objection Me: Good morning Mr. Ross, how are you? Mr. Ross: I am fine thank you. How are you? Me: I am fine too, and happy that you could make time to attend this session in person, rather than take a phone call. Thank you. Mr. Ross: That shows how serious we are about this deal. Let us get down to business please. Me: The preliminary cost has been set at $ 8.7 billion. We say this because the company has an annual income of $ 1.6 after tax. This is a real catch, don’t you agree? Mr. Ross: How urgently do you need to wrap up the sale? Me: It should not extend beyond a month sir. Mr. Ross: Does that imply you need the money so urgently? Me: Yes Sir, our share holders, need their money back to pursue other investments. Mr. Ross: I bet you are willing to negotiate the price since you are in such a hurry. Me: No we are not. Mr. Ross: Please give me a call when you are ready to negotiate. Me: Okay sir please allow me to consult the board. Thank you. Product Objection Me: As I had said earlier, this is the only product placed on the market. Mr. Ross: The firm has objections about acquiring that property, especially due to the market worth. Me: I believe both parties can reach an agreement after appropriate negotiations over the same. Mr. Ross: That may not be necessary, because we need a similar product but one of a lesser magnitude. Me: Okay sir, it was nice talking to you. Lack of Interest Mr. Ross: Have you placed any other property in the market save for the Bellagio? Me: No sir, none at the moment. Mr. Ross: I apologize, but our hospitality portfolio is currently overstretched. Me: Thank you. COMMITMENT FOR SALE Trial Close Me: Are you fond of the property? Mr. Ross: Very much sir. Me: Do you agree that it would be good for your portfolio? Mr. Ross: Once again, I agree with you sir. Me: Can I count on you to recommend this deal to your superiors back in the office? Mr. Ross: Yes sir, I will try my best. T HANK YOU LETTER 3600 Las Vegas Blvd. South Las Vegas, NV 89109 Toll Free: 888-987-6667 The Trump Organization (Company) 725 5th Avenue New York NY 10022 USA Phone: (212) 832-2000 Fax: (212) 935-0141 Dear Sir, RE: SALE OF THE BELLAGIO On behalf of the board of directors and share holders, I would like to express my gratitude for the opportunity to work with you. The sale was a success, and I believe both parties were satisfied at the end of the day. We desire prosperity in your endeavors and success in your new business venture. Yours sincerely, Jack Shepherd Sales Manager, Bellagio Hotel. References Bellagio. (2010). Bellagio Las Vegas. bellagio.com. Retrieved from https://bellagio.mgmresorts.com/en.html Expedia. (2010). 5 star hotels in Las Vegas Nevada. expedia.com. Retrieved from https://www.expedia.com/5Star-Las-Vegas-Hotels.s50-0-d178276.Travel-Guide-Filter-Hotels Trump. (2010). Trump Organization. trump.com. Retrieved from trump.com/

The Real Sinbad the Sailor

The Real Sinbad the Sailor Sinbad the Sailor is one of the most famous heroes of Middle Eastern literature. In the tales of his seven voyages, Sinbad battled incredible monsters, visited amazing lands and met with supernatural forces as he sailed the Indian Oceans fabled trade routes.   In western translations, Sinbads stories are included among those that Scheherazade told during the One Thousand and One Nights, which is set in Baghdad during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid from CE 786 to 809. In Arabic translations of the Arabian nights, however, Sinbad is absent. The interesting question for historians, then, is this: Was Sinbad the Sailor based upon a single historical figure, or is he a composite character derived from various bold seafarers who plied the monsoon winds?  If he once existed, who was he? Whats in a Name? The name Sinbad seems to come from the Persian Sindbad, meaning Lord of the Sindh River.  Sindhu is the Persian variant of the Indus River, indicating that he was a sailor from the coast of what is now Pakistan. This linguistic analysis also points to the stories being Persian in origin, even though existing versions are all in Arabic.   On the other hand, there are many striking parallels between many of Sinbads adventures and those of Odysseus in Homers great classic, The Odyssey,  and other stories from classical Greek literature. For example, the cannibalistic monster in the Third Voyage of Sinbad is very similar to Polyphemus from The Odyssey, and he meets the same fate - being blinded with the hot iron spits he was using to eat the ships crew. Also, during his Fourth Voyage, Sinbad was buried alive but follows an animal to escape the underground cavern, much like the story of Aristomenes the Messenian. These and other similarities point to Sinbad being a figure of folklore, rather than an actual person. It is possible, however, that Sinbad was a real historical figure with an insatiable urge to travel and a gift for telling tall tales, though it may be that after his death other traditional travel tales were grafted on to his adventures to produce the Seven Voyages we now know him by. More Than One Sinbad the Sailor Sinbad may be based in part on a Persian adventurer and trader named Soleiman al-Tajir - Arabic for Soloman the Merchant - who traveled from Persia all the way to southern China around the year 775 BCE. Generally, throughout the centuries that the Indian Ocean trade network existed, merchants and sailors traveled just one of the three great monsoonal circuits, meeting up and trading with one another at the nodes where those circuits met.   Siraf is credited with being the first person from western Asia to complete the entire voyage himself. Siraf likely gained great renown in his own time, particularly if he made it home with a hold full of silk, spices, jewels, and porcelain. Perhaps he was the factual foundation upon which the Sinbad stories were built. Likewise in Oman, many people believe that Sinbad is based on a sailor from the city of Sohar, who sailed out of the port of Basra in what is now Iraq. How he came to have a Persianized Indian name is not clear.   Recent Developments In 1980, a joint Irish-Omani team sailed a replica of a ninth-century dhow from Oman to southern China, using period navigational instruments only, in order to prove that such a voyage was possible. They successfully reached southern China, proving that sailors even many centuries ago could have done so, but that brings us no closer to proving who Sinbad was or which western port he sailed from. In all likelihood, bold and footloose adventurers much like Sinbad set out from any number of port cities around the rim of the Indian Ocean in search of novelty and treasure. We will probably never know if any particular one of them inspired the Tales of Sinbad the Sailor. It is fun, however, to imagine Sinbad himself leaning back in his chair in Basra or Sohar or Karachi, spinning another fabulous story to his spellbound audience of land-lubbers.